European countries are struggling to curb the influx of Russian oil imports that have continued to reach their shores despite the sanctions imposed on Moscow.

Many Russian oligarchs have died in strange circumstances almost since the outbreak of the conflict in Ukraine. All had close links to the Kremlin, immense wealth, a connection to Russian gas, and an anti-war stance on Ukraine.

Switzerland is negotiating with Germany and Italy to ensure its gas supplies next winter, to counter the decline in the delivery of Russian shipments.

The United States and Western countries are still seeking to confront and limit the influence of the OPEC, after its importance as a weapon appeared, and its use against them during the October 6 war in 1973.